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:''Not to be confused with Centerville, Ohio.'' Circleville is a city in and the county seat of Pickaway County, Ohio, United States,〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 along the Scioto River. The population was 13,314 at the 2010 census. The city was originally laid out after 1810 within the 1100-foot diameter of a circle of a Hopewell tradition earthwork dating to the early centuries of the Common Era. The county courthouse was built in the center of the innermost circle. By the late 1830s residents had tired of this design and gained authorization from the state legislature to change the layout to a standard grid, which was accomplished by the mid-1850s. All traces of the Hopewell earthwork were destroyed here, although hundreds of other monuments may be found in the Ohio Valley. ==History== By the mid-18th century, the Lenape (Delaware Indians) were pushed west from Pennsylvania by English-led settlers flowing into the colony. The Lenape were given permission by the Wyandot to settle in the Ohio country. One of their settlements was Maguck, built by 1750 on the banks of the Scioto River. Modern Circleville was built to the north of this site.〔R. Douglas Hurt, ''The Ohio Frontier: Crucible of the Old Northwest, 1720-1830'' (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998) p. 17〕 Noted frontier explorer Christopher Gist was the first recorded European visitor to the Circleville area. Gist reached Maguck, the small Lenape village of about 10 families on the east bank of the Scioto River, on January 20, 1751. He wrote that that he had stayed in the town for four days.〔Darlington, William, ''Christopher Gist's Journals''〕 Circleville was founded by European-American settlers in 1810, as migrants moved west after the American Revolutionary War. It derived its name from the circular portion of what is now known to have been a large Hopewell culture earthwork; the town was built on top of the remains of this. The original town plan integrated Circleville into the remains of the Hopewell earthworks with a street layout 1100-foot diameter circle. This was connected to a 900-foot square. These dated from the early Common Era; the Hopewell tradition flourished up to 500CE. An octagonal courthouse was placed directly in the center circle of the town.〔(History of Circleville ), City of Circleville. Retrieved 11 May 2015〕 The Hopewell circles were documented by Caleb Atwater, a resident and historian who was considered an early archeologist; the earthworks were illustrated in Plate 5 of his ''Description of the Antiquities Discovered in the State of Ohio and Other Western States,'' a 160-page report he published in 1820 in the first volume of the ''Transactions'' of the American Antiquarian Society.〔(John D. Clifford, Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, ''John D. Clifford's Indian Antiquities'' ), edited, annotated and Introduction by Charles E. Boewe, Univ. of Tennessee Press, 2000〕 Dissatisfaction among residents rose over Circleville's layout, however. In 1837 at the request of the town, the Ohio General Assembly authorized the "Circleville Squaring Company" to convert the town plan into a squared grid, as was typical of other platted towns. In 1856, this had been completed in several phases.〔 No traces of the original earthworks remain. A few of the older buildings have curved walls built to conform to the town's original circular layout. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Circleville, Ohio」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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